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Home > QR-E-Letter Archive > 4-27-2006
Issue No. 30 April 27, 2006
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QUICK REFERENCE #40: What is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is the nation’s special education law.
First enacted three decades ago, IDEA provides billions of dollars in federal funding to assist states and local communities in providing educational opportunities for approximately six million students with varying degrees of disability who participate in special education. In exchange for federal funding, IDEA requires states to provide a free appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment (LRE). The statute also contains detailed due process provisions to ensure the provision of FAPE.
Originally enacted in 1975, the Act responded to increased awareness of the need to educate children with disabilities and to judicial decisions requiring states to provide an education for children with disabilities if they provide an education for children without disabilities.
Part A of IDEA contains the general provisions, including the purposes of the Act and definitions.
Part B, the most frequently discussed Part of the Act, contains provisions relating to the education of school-aged and preschool children, the funding formula, evaluations for services, eligibility determinations, Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), and educational placements. It also contains detailed requirements for procedural safeguards (including the discipline provisions) as well as withholding of funds and judicial review. Part B also includes the Section 619 program, which provides services to children aged 3 through 5 years old.
Part C of IDEA provides early intervention and other services for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families (from birth through age 3). These early intervention and other services are provided in accordance with an Individualized Family Service Plan developed in consultation between families of infants and toddlers with disabilities and the appropriate state agency. Part C also provides grants to states to support these programs for infants and toddlers with disabilities.
Part D provides support for various national activities designed to improve the education of children with disabilities, including personnel preparation activities, technical assistance, and special education research.
SOURCE: Excerpted from Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA):
Guide To “Frequently Asked Questions” (Committee on Education and the Workforce—US House of Representatives), available at:
http://www.house.gov/ed_workforce/issues/109th/education/idea/ideafaq.pdf
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